Dane szczegółowe książki

Preface 10
Contents 14
List of Figures 15
List of Tables 16
1. New Migrations, New Theories 18
A New Look at an Old Phenomenon 20
The New Face of International Migration 21
The Insufficiency of Traditional Approaches 25
The Crisis of Rational Expectations 25
The Crisis of Push-Pull 29
New Theoretical Perspectives 32
2. Contemporary Theories of International Migration 34
The Initiation of International Migration 34
Neoclassical Economics: Macro-Theory 35
Neoclassical Economics: Micro-Theory 36
The New Economics of Migration 38
Crop insurance markets 39
Futures markets 40
Unemployment insurance 40
Retirement insurance 40
Capital markets 41
Credit markets 42
Relative deprivation 43
Segmented Labour Market Theory 45
Structural inflation 45
Hierarchical constraints on motivation 46
Economic dualism 47
Ethnic enclaves 48
Demography of labour supply 49
Historical-Structural Theory and World Systems 51
Land 54
Raw materials 54
Labour 55
Material links 55
Military links 55
Ideological links 57
Global cities 57
The Perpetuation of International Movement 59
Social Capital Theory 59
Migrant networks 59
Migrant-supporting institutions 61
Cumulative Causation 62
Expansion of networks 63
Distribution of income 63
Distribution of land 64
Organization of farm production 64
Culture of migration 64
Distribution of human capital 65
Social labelling 65
Limits to cumulative causation 65
Evaluation of Theories 67
3. Understanding the North American System 77
The North American System 79
The State of Research in North America 86
The Initiation of International Migration 87
Neoclassical Economics 87
The New Economics of Migration 97
Segmented Labour Market Theory 101
World Systems Theory 107
The Perpetuation of International Migration 114
Social Capital Theory 114
Cumulative Causation 118
Theory and Evidence in North America 124
4. Coming to Terms with European Migration 126
The European Migration System 128
The European Research Literature 145
Neoclassical Economics 146
The New Economics of Migration 148
Segmented Labour Market Theory 150
World Systems Theory 151
Social Capital Theory 152
Cumulative Causation 154
Conclusion 155
5. Labour Migration in the Gulf System 157
The Gulf Migration System 159
The Economics of Gulf Migration 168
Segmented Labour Market Theory 168
Neoclassical Economics 172
The New Economics of Migration 174
World Systems Theory 175
The Sociology of Gulf Migration 176
Social Capital Theory 176
Cumulative Causation 182
What We Learn from the Gulf System 183
6. Theory and Reality in Asia and the Pacific 185
The Asia Pacific Migration System 185
Research in Asia and the Pacific 197
The Initiation of International Migration 198
Neoclassical Economics 198
The New Economics of Migration 203
Segmented Labour Market Theory 206
World Systems Theory 210
Gender Perspectives 212
The Perpetuation of International Migration 213
Social Capital Theory: Migrant Networks 213
Social Capital Theory: Migrant Institutions 215
Cumulative Causation 219
Conclusion 220
7. International Migration in South America 223
International Migration in South America 223
The South American Research Literature 234
Theory and Research in South America 235
Studies of Receiving Countries 237
Studies in Origin Countries 242
Studies of Emigration to Developed Countries 248
Conclusion 249
8. International Migration and National Development 252
Macroeconomic Theory 253
Labour Market Effects 254
The Influence of Remittances 258
Macroeconomic Evidence 259
The Magnitude of Remittances 259
Remittances as Foreign Exchange 263
Selectivity of Emigration 266
Remittances and Investment 271
Southern Europe 271
The Middle East and Africa 274
Asia and the Pacific 276
Latin America 278
The Caribbean 280
Remittances in comparative perspective 280
Economy-Wide Effects 281
The Macroeconomics of Migration and Development Reconsidered 285
9. International Migration and Community Development 288
Microeconomic Theory: Classical and Neoclassical Views 289
Microeconomic Evidence: Community Remittance-Use Studies 291
The New Economics of Labour Migration 296
Microeconomy-wide Evidence 299
Selectivity of International Migration 306
Migration and Community Development Reconsidered 308
10. Conclusions for the Next Century 311
Why International Migration? A Theoretical Synthesis 313
Migration Theory Reconsidered 317
International Migration and Population Growth 318
Bringing the State Back In: Migration Policy 322
Receiving societies 322
Sending societies 326
The Road Ahead 328
References 331
Index 436