Dane szczegółowe książki

Contents 6
0 Preface 9
To the Student 11
Acknowledgements 13
0 1 Abbreviations 14
0 2 Phonetic Symbols **01 16
0 3 The Organs of Speech 18
0 4 English Consonant Chart 19
0 5 English Vowel Charts 20
0 6 Main Features of RP Consonants 21
0 7 Main Features of RP Monophthongs 22
0 8 Selected Bibliography 23
Part I. Pronunciation practice 24
1 Major Weak Forms 26
1 1 Listen to the following extract from Alice in Wonderland. Do not read along the printed text. 26
1 2 Rewind and listen again. While following the printed text, pay special attention to the pronunciation of the non-italicized words (Weak Forms). 26
1 3 Weak Form (WF) Drills 27
1 4 Weak Form (WF) or Strong Form (StF)? 33
2 Plosives /p, t, k, b, d, ɡ/ 34
2 1 Major Allophone Drills 34
2 1 1 Fortes 34
2 1 2 Lenes 34
2 1 3 Fortes and Lenes 35
2 1 4 Dental /t, d/ 38
2 2 Minimal Pairs 38
2 3 Pronunciation of <-ed> {pa.t.}, {pp.} 38
2 4 Pronunciation of < -ed > adjectives and < -edly > adverbs 38
2 5 Some words with “silent plosives" 39
2 6 Drill Sentences 42
3 Approximant /r/ 46
3 1 Major Allophone Drills 46
3 1 1 46
3 1 2 46
3 1 3 Contrast: 46
3 2 Free Variant: “flapped /r/ (optional) 46
3 3 Distribution of /r/ 47
3 3 1 /r/ 47
3 3 2 “Silent r" 47
3 3 3 “Linking /r/" 50
3 3 4 Contrast: 50
3 3 5 “Intrusive /r/" (optional) 50
3 4 Drill Sentences 50
4 Fricatives /s, z, θ, ð/ 54
4 1 Articulation Drills (Fortes) 54
4 1 1 /s/ 54
4 1 2 /θ/ 54
4 2 Major Allophone Drills (Lenes) 54
4 2 1 /z/ 54
4 2 2 /ð/ 58
4 3 Minimal Pairs 58
4 4 Phoneme Sequences 58
4 5 Pronunciation of <-(e)s> {pl.}, {gen.}, {3.sg.pr.} 62
4 6 Singular /ɪs/, Plural /i:z/ 62
4 7 Pronunciation of < x > 62
4 8 Some words with “silent s" 62
4 9 Drill Sentences 62
5 Fricatives /f, v/ 66
5 1 Articulation Drills (Fortis) 66
5 2 Major Allophone Drills (Lenis) 66
5 3 Minimal Pairs 67
5 4 For Drill Sentences see 6. 67
6 Approximant /w/ 70
6 1 Major Allophone Drills 70
6 1 1 70
6 1 2 70
6 1 3 Contrast: 70
6 2 Minimal Pairs 70
6 3 Drill Sentences 71
7 Approximant /j/ 76
7 1 Major Allophone Drills 76
7 1 1 76
7 1 2 76
7 1 3 Contrast: 76
7 2 Drill Sentences 76
8 Lateral /l/ 80
8 1 Major Allophone Drills 80
8 1 1 80
8 1 2 80
8 1 3 80
8 1 4 Contrast: 81
8 2 Some words with “silent l" 84
8 3 Syllabic /l/ 84
8 4 Drill Sentences 84
9 Fricatives /ʃ, ʒ/ 88
9 1 Articulation Drills (Fortis) 88
9 2 Major Allophone Drills (Lenis) 88
9 3 Contrast: 88
9 4 For Drill Sentences see 10. 88
10 Affricates /tʃ, dʒ/ 88
10 1 Articulation Drills (Fortis) 88
10 2 Major Allophone Drills (Lenis) 89
10 3 Minimal Pairs 92
10 4 Pronunciation of < -tion > 92
10 5 Drill Sentences 92
11 Fricative /h/ 96
11 1 Articulation Drills 96
11 2 Contrast: 96
11 3 Some words with “silent h" 96
11 4 For Drill Sentences see 12. 96
12 Nasal /m, n, ŋ/ 97
12 1 Articulation Drills 97
12 2 /ŋ:ŋg:ŋk:gn/ 100
12 3 Contrast: 100
12 4 /ən/ or Syllabic /n/? 100
12 5 Drill Sentences 104
13 Front Vowel /i:/ 104
13 1 Major Allophone Drills 104
13 1 1 104
13 1 2 104
13 1 3 105
13 1 4 Contrast: 105
13 2 For Drill Sentences see 14. 105
14 Front-Central Vowel IɪI 108
14 1 Major Allophone Drills 108
14 1 1 108
14 1 2 108
14 1 3 108
14 1 4 Contrast: 108
14 2 /ɪ/ not /j/! 108
14 3 Minimal Pairs 109
14 4 Drill Sentences 109
15 Front Vowel /e/ 112
15 1 Major Allophone Drills 112
15 1 1 112
15 1 2 112
15 1 3 Contrast: 113
15 2 Minimal Pairs 116
15 3 /e/ not /ae/! 116
15 4 For Drill Sentences see 16. 116
16 Front Vowel /æ/ 116
16 1 Major Allophone Drills 116
16 1 1 116
16 1 2 116
16 1 3 Contrast: 117
16 2 Minimal Pairs 117
16 3 Drill Sentences 117
17 Central Vowel /ʌ/ 120
17 1 Major Allophone Drills 120
17 1 1 120
17 1 2 121
17 1 3 Contrast: 124
17 2 Minimal Pairs 124
17 3 /ʌ/ not /ɒ/! 124
17 4 For Drill Sentences see 20. 124
18 Back-Central Vowel /ɑ:/ 124
18 1 Major Allophone Drills 124
18 1 1 124
18 1 2 125
18 1 3 125
18 1 4 Contrast: 125
18 2 Minimal Pairs 125
18 3 /ɑ:/ not /æ/! 128
18 4 For Drill Sentences see 20. 128
19 Back Vowel /ɒ/ 128
19 1 Major Allophone Drills 128
19 1 1 128
19 1 2 128
19 1 3 Contrast: 128
19 2 Minimal Pairs 129
19 3 /ɒ/ not /ʌ/! 129
19 4 For Drill Sentences see 20. 129
20 Back Vowel /ɔ:/ 132
20 1 Major Allophone Drills 132
20 1 1 132
20 1 2 132
20 1 3 132
20 1 4 Contrast: 132
20 2 Minimal Pairs 132
20 3 Drill Sentences 133
21 Central Vowel /ɜ:/ 136
21 1 Major Allophone Drills 136
21 1 1 136
21 1 2 136
21 1 3 136
21 1 4 Contrast: 136
21 2 Minimal Pairs 136
21 3 Drill Sentences 137
22 Central Vowel /ə/ 140
22 1 Major Allophone Drills 140
22 1 1 140
22 1 2 140
22 2 140
22 3 Some unstressed place-name elements with /ə/ 144
22 4 Pronunciation of Prefixes < com-, con- > 144
23 Back-Central Vowel /ʊ/ 144
23 1 Major Allophone Drills 144
23 1 1 144
23 1 2 145
23 2 For Drill Sentences see 24. 145
24 Back Vowel /u:/ 145
24 1 Major Allophone Drills 145
24 1 1 145
24 1 2 145
24 1 3 145
24 1 4 Contrast: 148
24 2 Minimal Pairs 148
24 3 Drill Sentences 148
25 Closing Diphthong /eɪ/ 151
25 1 Major Allophone Drills 151
25 1 1 151
25 1 2 151
25 1 3 151
25 1 4 Contrast: 151
25 2 /eɪ/ + /ə/ 151
25 3 For Drill Sentences see 27. 152
26 Closing Diphthong /aɪ/ 152
26 1 Major Allophone Drills 152
26 1 1 152
26 1 2 152
26 1 3 152
26 1 4 Contrast: 155
26 2 /aɪ/+/ə/ 155
26 3 For Drill Sentences see 27. 155
27 Closing Diphthong /ɔɪ/ 155
27 1 Major Allophone Drills 155
27 1 1 155
27 1 2 155
27 1 3 156
27 1 4 Contrast: 156
27 2 /ɔɪ/ + /ə/ 156
27 3 Drill Sentences 156
28 Closing Diphthong /aʊ/ 163
28 1 Major Allophone Drills 163
28 1 1 163
28 1 2 163
28 1 3 163
28 1 4 Contrast: 164
28 2 /aʊ/ + /ə/ 164
28 3 For Drill Sentences see 29. 164
29 Closing Diphthong /əʊ/ 167
29 1 Major Allophone Drills 167
29 1 1 167
29 1 2 167
29 1 3 167
29 1 4 Contrast: 167
29 2 /əʊ/ + /ə/ 167
29 3 Drill Sentences 168
30 Centring Diphthong /ɪə/ 171
30 1 Major Allophone Drills 171
30 1 1 171
30 1 2 171
30 1 3 172
30 1 4 172
30 1 5 Contrast: 172
30 2 For Drill Sentences see 32. 172
31 Centring Diphthong /eə/ 175
31 1 Major Allophone Drills 175
31 1 1 175
31 1 2 175
31 1 3 175
31 2 Minimal Pairs 175
31 3 For Drill Sentences see 32. 175
32 Centring Diphthong /ʊə/ 176
32 1 Major Allophone Drills 176
32 1 1 176
32 1 2 176
32 1 3 176
32 2 Drill Sentences 179
33 Word Stress 185
33 1 Major Stress Patterns 185
33 2 Contrast: 185
33 3 Double Stress 186
33 4 Contrast: 189
33 5 Contrast: 189
33 6 Drill Sentences 189
Part II. Transcription practice 196
34 Proverbs 197
35 Phonetic crossword puzzle 201
36 202
37 Tom Thumb's Alphabet 205
38 205
39 Phonetic crossword puzzle 209
40 210
41 A bricklayer's story 213
42 213
43 213
44 Phonetic word puzzle: British authors 216
45 The prodigal son 217
46 /s/ and /z/ word puzzle 220
47 223
48 /θ/ and /ð/ word puzzle 226
49 227
50 231
51 231
52 British placenames 235
53 239
54 242
55 242
56 242
57 Sounds on a string 245
58 245
59 248
60 248
61 248
62 Homophone puzzle 251
63 Puzzle solutions 252