Dane szczegółowe książki

Contents 6
List of maps 10
Glossary 11
Introduction 13
Achievement 13
The man 17
Notes and references 21
Chapter 1. The making of mustafa kemal 23
Early life 23
Ottoman background 25
An understandable response 34
Otes and references 35
Chapter 2. Early career 37
The rise of the committee of union and progress 37
The balkan and first world wars 41
Ideological developments 43
Outline of a career 46
Aspects of a career 48
At gallipoli 52
Defeat and disaffection 55
Notes and references 59
Chapter 3. Moment of decision 62
The armistice of mudros: an immediate response 62
Notes and references 63
Chapter 4. Foundation of the national movement 68
Opening moves 68
The congress of Erzurum 73
The congress of Sivas 76
Threats of government and allied action 77
A possible american mandate 80
Notes and references 83
Chapter 5. Relations with Istanbul 88
A campaign launched 88
Conciliation 90
Confrontation 91
The occupation of Istanbul 96
Notes and references 98
Chapter 6. Civil war 100
A formidable assault 100
The treaty of sèvres 103
The grand national assembly 104
The challenge from the left 107
The irregulars 110
Notes and references 113
Chapter 7. War 115
The threat posed 115
Mustafa kemal’s response 118
The eastern front 119
The southern front 120
The western front 122
The chanak affair 127
Abolition of the sultanate 128
Creation of a republic 134
Notes and references 136
Chapter 8. Modernisation, westernisation and reform 139
Reform 139
Aspects of reform 142
Turkish nationalism 147
The effectiveness of reform 148
Economic policy 151
Foreign affairs 153
Kemalism 154
Notes and references 155
Chapter 9. Politics, opposition and conspiracy 158
Opposition movements 158
Origins and character of the opposition movements 159
Mustafa Kemal’s response to the opposition raised against him 165
An experiment with democracy 172
Notes and references 174
Chapter 10. The closing years 176
Continued commitment to reform 176
Defence and security 178
An eccentric lifestyle 182
Last days 184
Notes and references 185
Conclusion 187
Further reading 195
Chronology 201
Maps 212
Index 217