Dane szczegółowe książki

English Phonetics and Phonology
Preface
List of symbols
1. Symbols for phonemes
2. Non-phonemic symbols
3. Word stress
4. Intonation
The international phonetic alphabet (revised to 2005)
Consonants (pulmonic)
Consonants (non-pulmonic)
VOWELS
Other symbols
Diacritics
Suprasegmentals
Tones and word accents
1. Introduction
1.1. How the course is organised
1.2. The English Phonetics and Phonology website
1.3. Phonemes and other aspects of pronunciation
1.4. Accents and dialects
Notes on problems and further reading
Notes for teachers
Written exercises
2. The production of speech sounds
2.1. Articulators above the larynx
2.2. Vowel and consonant
2.3. English short vowels
Notes on problems and further reading
Written exercises
3. Long vowels, diphthongs and triphthongs
3.1 English long vowels
3.2. Diphthongs
3.3. Triphthongs
Notes on problems and further reading
Notes for teachers
Written exercises
4. Voicing and consonants
4.1. The larynx
4.2. Respiration and voicing
4.3. Plosives
4.4. English plosives
4.5. Fortis and lenis
Notes on problems and further reading
Written exercises
5. Phonemes and symbols
5.1. The phoneme
5.2. Symbols and transcription
5.3. Phonology
Study of the phonemic system
Phoneme sequences and syllable structure
Suprasegmental phonology
Notes on problems and further reading
Note for teachers
Written exercises
6. Fricatives and affricates
6.1. Production of fricatives and affricates
6.2. The fricatives of English
6.3. The affricates of English
6.4. Fortis consonants
Notes on problems and further reading
Notes for teachers
Written exercises
7. Nasals and other consonants
7.1. Nasals
7.2. The consonant
7.3 The consonant
7.4. The consonants and
Notes on problems and further reading
Written exercises
8. The syllable
8.1. The nature of the syllable
8.2. The structure of the English syllable
8.3 Syllable division
Notes on problems and further reading
Notes for teachers
Written exercise
9. Strong and weak syllables
9.1. Strong and weak
9.2. The <ə> vowel (“schwa”)
9.3. Close front and close back vowels
9.4. Syllabic consonants
Syllabic
Syllabic
Syllabic
Syllabic
Combinations of syllabic consonants
Notes on problems and further reading
Notes for teachers
Written exercise
10. Stress in simple words
10.1. The nature of stress
10.2. Levels of stress
10.3. Placement of stress within the word
Two-syllable words
Three-syllable words
Notes on problems and further reading
Notes for teachers
Written exercises
11. Complex word stress
11.1. Complex words
11.2. Suffixes
Suffixes carrying primary stress themselves
Suffixes that do not affect stress placement
Suffixes that influence stress in the stem
11.3. Prefixes
11.4. Compound words
11.5. Variable stress
11.6. Word-class pairs
Notes on problems and further reading
Written exercises
12. Weak forms
Notes on problems and further reading
Written exercise
13. Problems in phonemic analysis
13.1. Affricates
13.2. The English vowel system
13.3. Syllabic consonants
13.4. Clusters of with plosives
13.5. Schwa (<ə>)
13.6. Distinctive features
13.7. Conclusion
Notes on problems and further reading
Note for teachers
Written exercises
14. Aspects of connected speech
14.1. Rhythm
14.2. Assimilation
14.3. Elision
14.4. Linking
Notes on problems and further reading
Notes for teachers
Written exercises
15. Intonation 1
15.1. Form and function in intonation
15.2. Tone and tone languages
15.3. Complex tones and pitch height
15.4. Some functions of English tones
Fall [[\]]yes [[\]]no
Rise [[/]]yes [[/]]no
Fall-rise [[˅]]yes [[˅]]no
Rise-fall [[˄]]yes [[˄]]no
Level [[_]]yes [[_]]no
15.5. Tones on other words
Notes on problems and further reading
Note for teachers
Written exercise
16. Intonation 2
16.1. The tone-unit
16.2. The structure of the tone-unit
The head
The pre-head
The tail
16.3. Pitch possibilities in the simple tone-unit
Notes on problems and further reading
Note for teachers
Written exercises
17. Intonation 3
17.1. Fall-rise and rise-fall tones followed by a tail
17.2. High and low heads
17.3. Problems in analysing the form of intonation
Identifying the tonic syllable
Identifying tone-unit boundaries
Anomalous tone-units
17.4. Autosegmental treatment of intonation
Notes on problems and further reading
Note for teachers
Written exercises
18. Functions of intonation 1
18.1. The attitudinal function of intonation
Sequential
Prosodic
Paralinguistic
18.2. Expressing attitudes
Notes on problems and further reading
Note for teachers
Written exercise
19. Functions of intonation 2
19.1. The accentual function of intonation
19.2. The grammatical function of intonation
19.3. The discourse function of intonation
19.4. Conclusions
Notes on problems and further reading
Note for teachers
Written exercises
20. Varieties of English pronunciation
20.1. The study of variety
20.2. Geographical variation
American
Scottish
20.3. Other sources of variation
Age
Social and class differences
Style
Notes on problems and further reading
Note for teachers
Written exercise
Recorded exercises
Audio Unit 1. Introduction
Exercise 1. Repetition
Exercise 2. Stress pattern notation
Audio Unit 2. English short vowels
Exercise 1. Repetition
Exercise 2. Identification
Exercise 3. Production
Exercise 4. Short vowels contrasted
Exercise 5. Repetition of sentences with short vowels
Audio Unit 3. Long vowels, diphthongs and triphthongs
Long vowels
Exercise 1. Repetition
Exercise 2. Production
Exercise 3. Transcription
Exercise 4. Long-short vowel contrasts
Exercise 5. Transcription
Diphthongs
Exercise 6. Repetition
Exercise 7. Transcription
Triphthongs
Exercise 8. Repetition
Audio Unit 4. Plosives
Exercise 1. Repetition of initial plosives
Exercise 2. Repetition of final plosives
Exercise 3. Identification of final plosives
Exercise 4. Repetition of words containing plosives
Exercise 5. Reading of words in transcription
Audio Unit 5. Revision
Exercise 1. Vowels and diphthongs
Exercise 2. Triphthongs
Exercise 3. Transcription of words
Exercise 4. Production
Exercise 5. Fortis/Lenis discrimination
Audio Unit 6. Fricatives and affricates
Exercise 1. Repetition of words containing fricatives
Exercise 2. Identification
Exercise 3 Production
Exercise 4. Repetition of fricative and affricate pairs
Exercise 5. Discrimination between fricatives and affricates
Exercise 6. Repetition of sentences containing fricatives and affricates
Audio Unit 7. Further consonants
Exercise 1. Repetition of words containing a velar nasal
Exercise 2. Velar nasal with and without
Exercise 3. “Clear” and “dark"
Exercise 4.
Exercise 5. and
Exercise 6. Dictation of words
Exercise 7. Repetition of sentences with nasal consonants and
Audio Unit 8. Consonant clusters
Exercise 1. Devoicing of
Exercise 2. Repetition of initial clusters
Exercise 3. Final plosive-plus-plosive clusters
Exercise 4. Recognition
Exercise 5. Final clusters of three or four consonants
Exercise 6. Pronouncing consonant clusters
Exercise 7. Repetition of sentences with consonant clusters
Audio Unit 9. Weak syllables
Exercise 1. “Schwa”
Exercise 2. Close front vowels
Exercise 3. Syllabic
Exercise 4. Syllabic
Exercise 5. Transcription
Audio Unit 10. Word stress
Exercise 1. Stress marking
Exercise 2. Pronouncing from transcription
Exercise 3. Placing stress on verbs, adjectives and nouns
Audio Unit 11. Complex word stress
Exercise 1. Stress-carrying suffixes
Exercise 2. Neutral suffixes
Exercise 3. Stress-moving suffixes
Exercise 4. Compound words
Exercise 5. Word-class pairs
Audio Unit 12. Weak forms
Exercise 1. Sentences for repetition
Exercise 2. Weak forms with pre-vocalic and pre-consonantal forms
Exercise 3. Transcription
Exercise 4. Pronunciation of weak forms
Audio Unit 13. Revision
Exercise 1. Reading unfamiliar words from transcription
Exercise 2. Transcription of unfamiliar words
Exercise 3. Stress placement in sentences
Exercise 4. Pronunciation of stressed syllables
Exercise 5. Weak forms
Audio Unit 14. Elisions and rhythm
Exercise 1. Rhythm and the foot
Exercise 2. Elisions
Audio Unit 15. Tones
Exercise 1. Repetition of tones
Exercise 2. Production of tones
Exercise 3. Identification
Exercise 4. Repetition of tones on polysyllabic words
Exercise 5. Production in context
Audio Unit 16. The tone-unit
Exercise 1. Identifying the tonic syllable
Exercise 2. Pronouncing the tonic syllable
Exercise 3. Repetition of tone-units
Exercise 4. Partial analysis of tone-units
Exercise 5. Reading intonation transcription
Audio Unit 17. Intonation
Exercise 1. Repetition of tonic syllable plus tail
Exercise 2. Production of tonic syllable plus tail
Exercise 3. High and low head
Exercise 4. Transcription of tone-units
Audio Unit 18. Intonation: extracts from conversation
Audio Unit 19. Further practice on connected speech
Exercise 1. Dictation
Exercise 2. Transcription
Exercise 3. Reading intonation
Exercise 4. Study passage
Audio Unit 20. Transcription of connected speech
Answers to written exercises
Chapter 1
Chapter 2.
Chapter 3.
Chapter 4.
Chapter 5.
Chapter 6.
Chapter 7.
Chapter 8.
Chapter 9.
Chapter 10.
Chapter 11.
Chapter 12.
Chapter 13.
Chapter 14.
Chapter 15.
Chapter 16.
Chapter 17.
Chapter 18.
Chapter 19.
Chapter 20.
Answers to recorded exercises
Audio Unit 1.
Exercise 2.
Audio Unit 2.
Exercise 2.
Audio Unit 3.
Exercise 3.
Exercise 5.
Exercise 7.
Audio Unit 4.
Exercise 3. b)
Exercise 5.
Audio Unit 5.
Exercise 3.
Exercise 4.
Audio Unit 6.
Exercise 2.
Audio Unit 7.
Exercise 6.
Audio Unit 8.
Exercise 6. (spellings)
Audio Unit 9.
Exercise 5.
Audio Unit 10.
Exercise 1.
Exercise 2. (spellings)
Audio Unit 12.
Exercise 3.
Audio Unit 13.
Exercise 1. (spellings)
Exercise 2.
Exercise 3.
Audio Unit 14.
Exercise 1.
Exercise 2.
Audio Unit 15.
Exercise 3.
Audio Unit 16.
Exercise 1.
Exercise 4.
Audio Unit 17.
Exercise 4.
Audio Unit 18.
Audio Unit 19.
Exercise 1.
Exercise 2.
Exercise 4.
Audio Unit 20.
Recommendations for general reading
English phonetics and phonology
General phonetics
Phonology
Accents of English
Teaching the pronunciation of English
Pronunciation dictionaries
Intonation and stress
Bibliography
Index