Dane szczegółowe książki

Acknowledgements 5
Contents 6
Foreword to the revised edition 9
Introduction 10
For the learner 10
Examples 10
Explanation 11
Exercises 11
Grammar and style 11
Order of contents 12
Indexes 12
Key to exercises 12
For the teacher 13
Rationale 13
Use 13
Weighting 14
1 Verb tenses 15
1A The past tense of certain verbs 15
Examples 15
Exercises 15
1 15
2 17
1B Tense use for fact: review 19
Examples 21
Explanation 21
Exercise 1 28
Exercise 2 30
Exercise 3 31
1C Use of present for future tenses 33
Examples 34
Explanation 36
Exercise 39
1D Tense use for non-fact: supposition 41
Examples 42
Explanation 44
Exercise 48
1E Tense use for non-fact: wish 50
Examples 51
Explanation 51
Exercise 53
1F Fact and non-fact: summary of tense use 55
Examples 55
Explanation 57
Exercise 59
2 Adverbials 63
2A Adverbs against adjectives 63
Examples 63
Explanation 63
Exercise 1 65
Examples and Explanation 66
Exercise 2 69
2B Position 71
Examples 72
Explanation 74
Exercise 1 78
Exercise 2 80
3 Linking: result, cause 82
3A Relation between result and cause 82
Examples 83
Explanation 84
Exercise 87
3B Result expressed with too or enough 88
Examples 89
Explanation 89
Examples 91
Explanation 91
Exercise 1 93
Exercise 2 95
Exercise 3 95
4 Linking: purpose 98
4A Standard constructions 98
Examples 98
Explanation 100
Exercise 102
4B Shortened constructions 104
Examples 104
Explanation 106
Exercise 106
5 Linking: concession 109
Examples 110
Explanation 111
Exercise 113
6 Linking: cause, purpose, concession (alternative) 116
Examples 116
Explanation 116
Exercise 117
7 Linking: time 119
Examples 119
Explanation 121
Exercise 124
8 Linking: relatives 127
8A Links and clause types: review 127
Examples 127
Explanation 129
Exercise 134
8B Sentence building with relatives 137
Examples 138
Explanation 138
Exercise 139
8C Shortened constructions 143
Examples 143
Explanation 145
Exercise 1 147
Exercise 2 148
9 Linking: similarity and comparison: review of as, like, than etc. 150
Examples 150
Explanation 151
Exercise 1 155
Exercise 2 156
Exercise 3 158
10 The infinitive and -ing 160
10A The infinitive 160
Examples 160
Explanation 162
Exercise 164
10B The -ing form as gerund 165
Examples 165
Explanation 167
Exercise 1 168
Exercise 2 170
10C Verbs taking a full infinitive or -ing (gerund) according to meaning 174
Examples and Explanation 174
Exercise 179
10D Verbs taking the infinitive or -ing (participle) according to meaning 181
Examples and Explanation 183
Exercise 185
11 Auxiliary verbs: particular uses 188
11A Ability, permission, possibility 190
Examples 190
Explanation 192
Exercise 194
11B Past activity, habit, refusal, etc. 198
Examples 198
Explanation 199
Exercise 202
11C Expectation, assumption, conclusion 205
Examples 205
Explanation 206
Exercise 209
11D Obligation, absence of obligation 211
Examples 211
Explanation 213
Exercise 215
11E Duty and arrangement, with non-fulfilment 217
Examples 218
Explanation 218
11E AUXILIARY VERBS 220
Exercise 220
11F Use of should for suggestions, opinions, feelings etc. 223
Examples 223
Explanation 223
Exercise 225
12 Reported speech 228
12A Tense and word changes: general review 228
Examples and Explanation 228
Exercise 1 235
Exercise 2 237
Exercise 3 239
12B Possible changes in auxiliary verbs 239
Examples 241
Explanation 243
Exercise 245
12C Suggestions, requests and commands 247
Examples 248
Explanation 248
Exercise 1 250
Exercise 2 252
13 The passive 255
13A Subject formation from the active voice 255
Formation from a single object 255
Examples 255
Explanation 257
Formation from two objects 259
Examples 259
Explanation 259
Formation of the auxiliary passive 261
Examples 261
Explanation 261
Non-formation of the passive from two objects 263
Examples 263
Explanation 265
Exercise 265
13B Passive constructions with the infinitive 267
Examples 267
Explanation 267
Exercise 1 268
Exercise 2 269
14 Inversion of subject and verb 272
14A Types of lead word 272
Examples 272
Explanation 275
Exercise 277
14B Established sentence patterns 279
Examples 279
Explanation 281
Exercise 281
15 Dependent prepositions 283
Exercises 283
1 283
2 284
3 285
4 285
5 286
6 287
7 287
8 289
9 290
10 290
16 Phrasal verbs 292
16A Type, meaning and word order 292
Explanation 293
Exercises 295
1 295
2 297
16B Meaning and use of selected verbs 297
Exercises 297
1 Verbs with about, after, at, away 299
2 Verbs with down 299
3 Verbs with by, in, into 301
4 Verbs with off 302
5 Verbs with on 304
6 Verbs with out 305
7 Verbs with over, through 306
8 Verbs with up 308
17 Study lists 310
17A The past tense of certain verbs (with past participle) 310
17B Verbs and phrases followed by the plain infinitive (see 10Aa) 312
Notes 313
17C Verbs followed by an object + full infinitive (see 10Ab) 315
Notes 317
17D Verbs and phrases followed by -ing (gerund) (see 10Bb) 317
Notes 320
17E Verbs used with two objects **01 322
17F Dependent prepositions 325
i Prepositions dependent on adjectives and nouns 325
ii Prepositions dependent on verbs 331
17G Phrasal verbs 336
i Adverbial phrasal verbs 336
ii Prepositional phrasal verbs 342
Subject index 344
Word index 352
Key to exercises 362
1A 362
Exercise 1 362
Exercise 2 363
1B 363
Exercise 1 363
Exercise 2 366
Exercise 3 368
1C 371
1D 375
1E 378
1F 380
2A 383
Exercise 1 383
Exercise 2 383
2B 386
Exercise 1 386
Exercise 2 387
3A 389
3B 390
Exercise 1 390
Exercise 2 391
Exercise 3 392
4A 393
4B 394
5 395
6 396
7 397
8A 398
8B 399
8C 401
Exercise 1 401
Exercise 2 403
9 403
Exercise 1 403
Exercise 2 406
Exercise 3 407
10A 408
10B 409
Exercise 1 409
Exercise 2 410
10C 412
10D 414
11A 416
11B 417
11C 417
11D 419
11E 420
11F 421
12A 421
Exercise 1 421
Exercise2 424
Exercise 3 (Fml) 425
12B 426
12C 428
Exercise 1 428
Exercise 2 429
13A 430
13B 432
Exercise 1 432
Exercise 2 433
14A 433
14B 435
15 436
Exercise 1 436
Exercise 2 437
Exercise 3 439
Exercise 4 440
Exercise 5 441
Exercise 6 442
Exercise 7 443
Exercise 8 444
Exercise 9 445
16A 447
Exercise 1 447
Exercise 2 448
16B 449
Exercise 1 449
Exercise 2 449
Exercise 3 450
Exercise 4 451
Exercise 5 451
Exercise 6 452
Exercise 7 453
Exercise 8 453