Dane szczegółowe książki

Adverbs and Modality in English 2
Two. Mood and modality 3
2.1 INTRODUCTION 3
2.2 MOOD 4
2.3 MODALITY 6
2.4 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF EPISTEMIC AND DEONTIC MODALITY 8
2.4.1 Subjectivity and non-factuality 9
2.4.2 Proposition and event 11
2.4.3 Possibility and necessity 12
2.5 OTHER MODALITIES: SUBJECTIVITY AND OBJECTIVITY 14
2.6 MODALITY AND LANGUAGE USE (UTTERANCE FUNCTIONS) 19
2.6.1 Assertives (factuality and non-factuality) 25
2.6.2 Directives and commissives 28
2.7 MODALITY AND POWER 29
NOTES 33
Three. The modals and their adverb satellites: an overview 39
3.1 THE FORMAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE MODAL AUXILIARIES 39
3.2 THE SEMANTICS OF THE MODALS: SOME APPROACHES 43
3.3 EPISTEMIC AND NONEPISTEMIC MEANINGS 45
3.4 THE MODALS AND THEIR ADVERB SATELLITES 49
3.4.1 can/could 52
3.4.1.1 Status 52
3.4.1.2 Epistemic meanings: possibility and necessity 59
3.4.1.3 Nonepistemic meanings: possibility, ability, permission 60
3.4.2 may/might 61
3.4.2.1 Status 61
3.4.2.2 Epistemic possibility 63
3.4.2.3 Nonepistemic meanings: possibility and permission 66
3.4.3 must 68
3.4.3.1 Status 68
3.5 PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONS OF MODAL-ADVERB COMBINATIONS 69
3.5.1 Overview of pragmatic functions 69
3.5.2 Modality and politeness strategy 75
NOTES 82
Four. The adverb satellites and their modal verb heads 87
4.1 INTRODUCTION: ADVERBIAL CLASSIFICATION 87
4.1.1 The grammatical function of modal adverbs 92
4.1.2 Position and transmobility of modal adverbs 95
4.1.3 The semantic function of modal adverbs 96
4.2. CO-OCCURRENCE WITH ADJUNCTS AND CONJUNCTS 99
4.2.1 Adjuncts 99
4.2.2 Conjuncts 101
4.3 CO-OCCURRENCE WITH SUBJUNCTS 102
4.3.1 Courtesy subjuncts 102
4.3.2 Subjunct emphasizers 103
4.3.2.1 Syntactic features 106
4.3.2.2 Emphasis or intensification? 107
4.3.2.3 Emphasizers and truth 108
4.3.2.4 Emphasizers in restricted environments: always, well, easily, READILY, LITERALLY 111
4.3.2.5 The emphasis of must: apparently, clearly, evidently, INEVITABLY, OBVIOUSLY, NECESSARILY 115
4.3.3 Subjunct intensifiers 116
4.3.3.1 Syntactic features 117
4.3.3.2 Amplification: most, quite, very **15 118
4.3.3.3 Diminution (downtoners): only, simply, just; hardly, 119
4.3.3.4 Intensifiers in restricted environments: possibly, conceivably; NEVER EVER 122
4.3.4 Focusing subjuncts 125
4.4 CO-OCCURRENCE WITH DISJUNCTS 126
4.4.1 Style disjuncts 127
4.4.2 Content disjuncts 129
4.4.2.1 Syntactic features 131
4.4.2.2 Content disjuncts and thematization 134
4.4.2.3 Content disjuncts and interpolation 143
4.4.2.4 Content disjuncts and tagging 146
4.5 SUBJUNCTS AND DISJUNCTS IN CONSPECTUS 147
4.5.1 Adverbial scope and ambivalence 147
4.5.2 Adverbial homonymy and polysemy **20 150
4.5.3 Modal adverbs or modal particles? 155
4.5.4 The pragmatic dimension of modal adverbs 159
4.6 INTONATION AND MODALITY 164