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Conflict in the Former USSR / Sussex, Matthew
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Tytuł
Conflict in the Former USSR
Wydawnictwo
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012
ISBN
9780521763103; 9780521135283
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Maps 11
Contributors 12
Acknowledgements 15
Abbreviations 16
1. Introduction: understanding conflict in the former USSR 22
Twenty years after the USSR: renewal meets instability 23
Contemporary scholarship on conflict, war and the former USSR 26
Conflict in the former USSR: five overarching themes 30
Structure and chapter overview 32
2. The return of imperial Russia 37
The Russian Federation and the 'near abroad' under Yeltsin 41
Putin and the return of Russia as a great power 47
From military intervention to economic coercion 51
Oil, gas and the revival of Russian political dominance 51
Pipeline politics, from Central Asia to the Baltic Sea 55
Toward the future 57
3. The shape of the security order in the former USSR 60
Regions, power and security architecture in the former USSR 61
Political instruments of Russian regional primacy 67
Military-security instruments of Russian regional primacy 72
Economic instruments of Russian regional primacy 75
Russian primacy constrained: political, economic and military-security dimensions 79
Political and economic constrainment: the SCO and the EU 80
Military-security constrainment 84
Conclusions: the former USSR as a region of constrained Russian primacy 87
4. Great powers and small wars in the Caucasus 89
War, peace and state building in the former USSR 90
The asymmetrical end of the Cold War and the coming of the cold peace 91
Globalisation and (new?) war: Russia and the Caucasus 94
The dual state meets the cold peace in the Caucasus 97
Dualism and the war in Chechnya: the securitisation of the Russian state 98
The cold peace and Caucasian conflicts 102
From Chechnya to Georgia: the five-day war and its implications 103
The road to war 104
The five-day war 107
Consequences of the war 109
Conclusion: dualism, cold peace and war in the Caucasus 115
5. The Russo-Georgian war: identity, intervention and norm adaptation 116
The geostrategic importance of the Caucasus 117
Russia, Georgia and the manipulation of identity in Abkhazia and South Ossetia 122
Competing interpretations of sovereignty 128
Human security and the R2P 133
Implications: adaptational normative strategies and the legitimation of war 137
Conclusions: is an enduring peace possible in Abkhazia and South Ossetia? 140
6. Why not more conflict in the former USSR? Russia and Central Asia as a zone of relative peace 143
'Apocalypse soon': expectations of conflict in the post-Soviet space **9 146
The false premises of expectations 153
The distinction between state building and regime building 158
Avoiding conflict in Russia and Central Asia: state-building and regime-building practices 161
Conclusions 170
7. Transnational crime, corruption and conflict in Russia and the former USSR 172
Corruption in Russia 177
Corruption elsewhere in the former USSR 181
Organised crime in Russia 183
Organised crime elsewhere in the former USSR 184
Causes of organised crime and corruption in Russia and the former USSR 188
Transnational crime, corruption and conflict in the former USSR 191
Conclusions 196
8. The transformation of war? New and old conflicts in the former USSR 201
From modern to post-modern war 202
'New war' meets hot and frozen conflicts 210
Human security 216
The revolution in military affairs and 'spectator war' 218
Just war and the laws of war 220
Conclusions 224
9. Conclusions: the future of conflict in the former USSR 227
'Restoring' Russia via imperial conquest 228
Conflict between major powers on the territory of the former USSR 231
The reignition of frozen conflict in Russia 233
Separatism, state failure and anarchy 235
Resource wars 237
Final observations: mitigating war in the former USSR? 240
Bibliography 242
Index 295
Contributors 12
Acknowledgements 15
Abbreviations 16
1. Introduction: understanding conflict in the former USSR 22
Twenty years after the USSR: renewal meets instability 23
Contemporary scholarship on conflict, war and the former USSR 26
Conflict in the former USSR: five overarching themes 30
Structure and chapter overview 32
2. The return of imperial Russia 37
The Russian Federation and the 'near abroad' under Yeltsin 41
Putin and the return of Russia as a great power 47
From military intervention to economic coercion 51
Oil, gas and the revival of Russian political dominance 51
Pipeline politics, from Central Asia to the Baltic Sea 55
Toward the future 57
3. The shape of the security order in the former USSR 60
Regions, power and security architecture in the former USSR 61
Political instruments of Russian regional primacy 67
Military-security instruments of Russian regional primacy 72
Economic instruments of Russian regional primacy 75
Russian primacy constrained: political, economic and military-security dimensions 79
Political and economic constrainment: the SCO and the EU 80
Military-security constrainment 84
Conclusions: the former USSR as a region of constrained Russian primacy 87
4. Great powers and small wars in the Caucasus 89
War, peace and state building in the former USSR 90
The asymmetrical end of the Cold War and the coming of the cold peace 91
Globalisation and (new?) war: Russia and the Caucasus 94
The dual state meets the cold peace in the Caucasus 97
Dualism and the war in Chechnya: the securitisation of the Russian state 98
The cold peace and Caucasian conflicts 102
From Chechnya to Georgia: the five-day war and its implications 103
The road to war 104
The five-day war 107
Consequences of the war 109
Conclusion: dualism, cold peace and war in the Caucasus 115
5. The Russo-Georgian war: identity, intervention and norm adaptation 116
The geostrategic importance of the Caucasus 117
Russia, Georgia and the manipulation of identity in Abkhazia and South Ossetia 122
Competing interpretations of sovereignty 128
Human security and the R2P 133
Implications: adaptational normative strategies and the legitimation of war 137
Conclusions: is an enduring peace possible in Abkhazia and South Ossetia? 140
6. Why not more conflict in the former USSR? Russia and Central Asia as a zone of relative peace 143
'Apocalypse soon': expectations of conflict in the post-Soviet space **9 146
The false premises of expectations 153
The distinction between state building and regime building 158
Avoiding conflict in Russia and Central Asia: state-building and regime-building practices 161
Conclusions 170
7. Transnational crime, corruption and conflict in Russia and the former USSR 172
Corruption in Russia 177
Corruption elsewhere in the former USSR 181
Organised crime in Russia 183
Organised crime elsewhere in the former USSR 184
Causes of organised crime and corruption in Russia and the former USSR 188
Transnational crime, corruption and conflict in the former USSR 191
Conclusions 196
8. The transformation of war? New and old conflicts in the former USSR 201
From modern to post-modern war 202
'New war' meets hot and frozen conflicts 210
Human security 216
The revolution in military affairs and 'spectator war' 218
Just war and the laws of war 220
Conclusions 224
9. Conclusions: the future of conflict in the former USSR 227
'Restoring' Russia via imperial conquest 228
Conflict between major powers on the territory of the former USSR 231
The reignition of frozen conflict in Russia 233
Separatism, state failure and anarchy 235
Resource wars 237
Final observations: mitigating war in the former USSR? 240
Bibliography 242
Index 295