Dane szczegółowe książki

List of figures and tables … IX
Preface … XI
Acknowledgements … XIII
Chapter 1 What is a translation theory? … 1
1.1 From theorizing to theories … 1
1.2 From theories to paradigms … 2
1.3 How this book is organized … 3
1.4 Why study translation theories? … 4
1.5 How should translation theories be studied? … 5
Chapter 2 Natural equivalence … 6
2.1 Natural equivalence as a concept … 7
2.2 Equivalence vs. structuralism … 9
2.3 Procedures for maintaining natural equivalence … 12
2.4 Text-based equivalence … 18
2.5 Reference to a tertium comparationis and the "theory of sense" … 18
2.6 The virtues of natural equivalence … 19
2.7 Frequently had arguments … 20
2.8 Natural equivalence as a historical sub-paradigm … 22
Chapter 3 Directional equivalence … 25
3.1 Two kinds of similarity … 25
3.2 Directionality in definitions of equivalence … 27
3.3 Back-translation as a test … 30
3.4 Polarities of directional equivalence … 30
3.5 Only two categories? … 33
3.6 Relevance theory … 35
3.7 Equivalence as an illusion … 37
3.8 The virtues of directional equivalence … 38
3.9 Frequently had arguments … 38
Chapter 4 Purposes … 43
4.1 Skopos as the key to a new paradigm … 43
4.2 Reiss, Vermeer, and the origins of the Skopos approach … 46
4.3 Justa Holz-Manttari and the theory of the translator's expertise … 50
4.4 Purpose-based "good enough" theory … 52
4.5 Who really decides? … 54
4.6 Some virtues of the purpose paradigm … 56
4.7 Frequently had arguments … 56
4.8 An extension into project analysis … 59
Chapter 5 Descriptions … 64
5.1 What happened to equivalence? … 64
5.2 Theoretical concepts within the descriptive paradigm … 65
5.3 Norms … 73
5.4 "Assumed" translations … 76
5.5 Target-side priority … 78
5.6 Universals of translation … 78
5.7 Laws … 81
5.8 Frequently had arguments … 83
5.9 The future of the descriptive paradigm … 85
Chapter 6 Uncertainty … 90
6.1 Why uncertainty? … 91
6.2 The uncertainty principle … 93
6.3 Determinist views of language with indeterminist theories of translation … 96
6.4 Theories of how to live with uncertainty … 101
6.5 Deconstruction … 108
6.6 So how should we translate? … 111
6.7 Frequently had arguments … 113
Chapter 7 Localization … 120
7.1 Localization as a paradigm … 120
7.2 What is localization? … 121
7.3 What is internationalization? … 123
7.4 Is localization really new? … 125
7.5 The role of technologies … 127
7.6 Translation within localization? … 134
7.7 Frequently had arguments … 136
7.8 The future of localization … 138
Chapter 8 Cultural translation … 143
8.1 A new paradigm for the new century? … 143
8.2 Homi Bhabha and "non-substantive" translation … 144
8.2 Translation without translations: calls for a wider discipline … 148
8.3 Ethnography as translation … 153
8.4 Translation sociology … 154
8.5 Spivak and the political psychoanalytics of translation … 157
8.6 "Generalized translation" … 158
8.7 Frequently had arguments … 159
Postscript - Write your own theory … 165
References … 167
Index … 179